Impact of pre-admission physical activity on benefits of physiology-guided complete revascularization in older patients with myocardial infarction: insights from the FIRE trial.

AIMS: The present analysis from the Functional Assessment in Elderly Myocardial Infarction Patients with Multivessel Disease (FIRE) trial aims to explore the significance of pre-admission physical activity and assess whether the benefits of physiology-guided complete revascularization apply consistently to sedentary and active older patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients aged 75 years or more with myocardial infarction (MI) and multivessel disease were randomized to receive physiology-guided complete revascularization or culprit-only strategy. The primary outcome was a composite of death, MI, stroke, or any revascularization within a year. Secondary endpoints included the composite of cardiovascular death or MI, as well as single components of the primary endpoint. Pre-admission physical activity was categorized into three groups: (i) absent (sedentary), (ii) light, and (iii) vigorous. Among 1445 patients, 692 (48%) were sedentary, whereas 560 (39%) and 193 (13%) performed light and vigorous physical activity, respectively. Patients engaging in light or vigorous pre-admission physical activity exhibited a reduced risk of the primary outcome compared with sedentary individuals [light hazard ratio (HR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.91 and vigorous HR 0.14, 95% CI 0.07-0.91, respectively]. These trends were also observed for death, cardiovascular death, or MI. When comparing physiology-guided complete revascularization vs. culprit-only strategy, no significant interaction was observed for primary and secondary endpoints when stratified by sedentary or active status. CONCLUSION: In older patients with MI, pre-admission physical activity emerges as a robust and independent prognostic determinant. Physiology-guided complete revascularization stands out an effective strategy in reducing ischaemic adverse events, irrespective of pre-admission physical activity status. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03772743.

The Functional Assessment in Elderly Myocardial Infarction Patients with Multivessel Disease (FIRE) trial has shown that physiology-guided complete revascularization reduces ischaemic adverse events in older patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and multivessel disease. Older patients who engage in light or vigorous physical activity before hospitalization for MI have a reduced risk of the primary composite outcome of death, MI, stroke, or ischaemia-driven revascularization. These benefits extend to all secondary cardiovascular outcomes as well. In the present subanalysis of the FIRE trial, we find that the positive prognosis associated with physiology-guided complete revascularization holds true even for patients with a sedentary lifestyle. This means that this type of revascularization can effectively reduce ischaemic adverse events in older patients with MI and multivessel disease, regardless of their physical activity levels.

"Fala-M@no-COVID-19": technological development of a health navigation program for men during the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: to develop a care-educational technology similar to a health navigation program for men during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: a methodological and qualitative study of a care-educational technology of health navigation program, structured by Program Development Cycle, with 16 patient navigators and 10 professional navigators. It used reflective thematic content analysis and an adaptation model for data processing. RESULTS: the "Fala-M@ano-COVID-19"; navigation program was developed by: I) Observation of reality, problem mapping, needs assessment: content selection, creation of domains and questions; II) Theoretical-conceptual and methodological definition, creation of product under the elaboration of care plans, based on theory, process and taxonomies by a flowchart of operationalization of actions; and III) Self-assessment: qualitative research with professional navigators. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the technology developed, with theoretical and methodological support, allowed to derive a viable navigation program compatible with reality based on the audience's needs.

Spanish cardiac catheterization and coronary intervention registry. 32nd official report of the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (1990-2022).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: This article presents the annual activity report of the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC) for the year 2022. METHODS: All Spanish centers with catheterization laboratories were invited to participate. Data were collected online and were analyzed by an external company in collaboration with the members of the board of the ACI-SEC. RESULTS: A total of 111 centers participated. The number of diagnostic studies increased by 4.8% compared with 2021, while that of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) remained stable. PCIs on the left main coronary artery increased by 22%. The radial approach continued to be preferred for PCI (94.9%). There was an upsurge in the use of drug-eluting balloons, as well as in intracoronary imaging techniques, which were used in 14.7% of PCIs. The use of pressure wires also increased (6.3% vs 2021) as did plaque modification techniques. Primary PCI continued to grow and was the most frequent treatment (97%) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Most noncoronary procedures maintained their upward trend, particularly percutaneous aortic valve implantation, atrial appendage closure, mitral/tricuspid edge-to-edge therapy, renal denervation, and percutaneous treatment of pulmonary arterial disease. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish cardiac catheterization and coronary intervention registry for 2022 reveals a rise in the complexity of coronary disease, along with a notable growth in procedures for valvular and nonvalvular structural heart disease.

Prognostic impact of coronary lesions and its revascularization in a 5-year follow-up after the TAVI procedure.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common finding in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, its prognostic significance and its management remains controversial. AIMS: This study sought to determine whether the presence of CAD, its complexity, and angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are associated with outcomes after TAVI. METHODS: All patients undergoing TAVI at a tertiary referral center between 2008 and 2018 were included in a prospective observational study. Baseline SYNTAX (Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score (SS) and a residual SS after PCI were calculated. The endpoints on the 5 year follow-up were all-cause mortality and a composite of mayor cardiovascular adverse events (MACE). RESULTS: In 379 patients, the presence of CAD and its complexity were not significantly associated with worse 5-year survival after TAVI, with a mortality for SS0 of 45%; for SS 1-22 of 36.5% (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.53-1.11, p = 0.15) and for SS > 22 of 42.1% (HR 1.24; 95% CI 0.59-2.63, p = 0.57). Regarding the combined event of MACE, there were also no statistically significant differences between patients with CAD and without CAD (56.8% in patients without CAD and 54.9% in patients with CAD; HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.79-1.43, p = 0.7). Angiography-guided PCI or completeness of revascularization was not associated with different outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In the present analysis, neither the presence nor the extent of CAD, nor the degree of revascularization, was associated with a prognostic impact in patients undergoing TAVI at 5-year follow-up.

Reducing the environmental impacts of Brazilian chicken meat production using different waste recovery strategies.

Chicken meat has achieved significant index rates worldwide, with Brazil leading production and exports. The agribusiness significance has led to strengthening attention to the environmental burdens produced by the poultry industry. This research considered reducing the environmental impacts in the life cycle of Brazilian chicken meat regarding strategies for recycling waste from the production process. An attributional cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment was performed, with the functional unit of 1 kg of slaughtered and unpacked chicken meat. The two suggested scenarios used: i) chicken bedding for biogas production and ii) chicken carcass waste as meat meals in feed production. Handling poultry litter for biogas production avoided methane and ammonia emissions, reducing over 50% of the environmental indicators of Climate Change, Terrestrial Acidification, and Freshwater Eutrophication. Reuse poultry waste to produce meat meals reduced from 12% to 55% in all impact categories, decreasing emissions from carcasses destined for decomposition in landfills and using less raw materials from bovine sources. Investigating the environmental performance of the chicken meat production chain encouraged the circularity of natural resources and waste recovery strategies in the system boundary, thus helping to accomplish Sustainable Development Goals 7, 9, 12, and 13 of the UN Agenda 2030.

Evaluación mediante OCT del remodelado vascular pulmonar en insuficiencia cardiaca avanzada. Estudio OCTOPUS-CHF / Optical coherence tomography assessment of pulmonary vascular remodeling in advanced heart failure. The OCTOPUS-CHF study

Introducción y objetivos El remodelado vascular pulmonar es prevalente en la insuficiencia cardiaca avanzada. El cateterismo derecho es la prueba de elección, pero está limitado por la asunción de medidas indirectas, un enfoque de flujo no pulsátil, su dependencia de la carga o la variabilidad en la interpretación. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la vasculopatía pulmonar mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) intravascular y correlacionarla con los parámetros hemodinámicos. Métodos Estudio observacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico que incluyó a 100 pacientes en estudio previo al trasplante cardiaco. Todos se sometieron a un cateterismo derecho con OCT de la arteria pulmonar. Resultados La OCT se pudo analizar en 90 casos. La mediana de edad fue 57,50 [intervalo intercuartílico, 48,75-63,25] años y 71 eran varones (78,88%). La cardiopatía subyacente más frecuente fue la miocardiopatía dilatada no isquémica (33 pacientes [36,66%]). El grosor intimal se correlacionó con la presión arterial pulmonar media, las resistencias vasculares y el gradiente transpulmonar (coeficiente R de 0,42, 0,27 y 0,32 respectivamente). La estimación no invasiva de la presión sistólica pulmonar, el tiempo de aceleración y el acoplamiento ventriculoarterial también se correlacionaron con el grosor intimal (coeficiente R de 0,42, 0,27 y 0,49 respectivamente). Los pacientes con un grosor intimal > 0,25mm presentaron mayores presión pulmonar media (37,00 frente a 25,00mmHg; p=0,004) y resistencias vasculares (3,44 frente a 2,08 UW; p=0,017). Conclusiones La OCT pulmonar es factible y está significativamente asociada con los datos hemodinámicos. La correlación débil indica que el remodelado vascular no explica por completo la hipertensión pulmonar (AU)

Introduction and objectives Pulmonary vascular remodeling is common among patients with advanced heart failure. Right heart catheterization is the gold standard to assess pulmonary hypertension, but is limited by indirect measurement assumptions, a steady-flow view, load-dependency, and interpretation variability. We aimed to assess pulmonary vascular remodeling with intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to study its correlation with hemodynamic data. Methods This observational, prospective, multicenter study recruited 100 patients with advanced heart failure referred for heart transplant evaluation. All patients underwent right heart catheterization together with OCT evaluation of a subsegmentary pulmonary artery. Results OCT could be performed and properly analyzed in 90 patients. Median age was 57.50 [interquartile range, 48.75-63.25] years and 71 (78.88%) were men. The most frequent underlying heart condition was nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (33 patients [36.66%]). Vascular wall thickness significantly correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and transpulmonary gradient (R coefficient=0.42, 0.27 and 0.32 respectively). Noninvasive estimation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure, acceleration time, and right ventricle-pulmonary artery coupling also correlated with wall thickness (R coefficient of 0.42, 0.27 and 0.49, respectively). Patients with a wall thickness over 0.25mm had significantly higher mean pulmonary pressures (37.00 vs 25.00mmHg; P=.004) and pulmonary vascular resistance (3.44 vs 2.08 WU; P=.017). Conclusions Direct morphological assessment of pulmonary vascular remodeling with OCT is feasible and is significantly associated with classic hemodynamic parameters. This weak association suggests that structural remodeling does not fully explain pulmonary hypertension (AU)

Optical coherence tomography assessment of pulmonary vascular remodeling in advanced heart failure. The OCTOPUS-CHF study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary vascular remodeling is common among patients with advanced heart failure. Right heart catheterization is the gold standard to assess pulmonary hypertension, but is limited by indirect measurement assumptions, a steady-flow view, load-dependency, and interpretation variability. We aimed to assess pulmonary vascular remodeling with intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to study its correlation with hemodynamic data. METHODS: This observational, prospective, multicenter study recruited 100 patients with advanced heart failure referred for heart transplant evaluation. All patients underwent right heart catheterization together with OCT evaluation of a subsegmentary pulmonary artery. RESULTS: OCT could be performed and properly analyzed in 90 patients. Median age was 57.50 [interquartile range, 48.75-63.25] years and 71 (78.88%) were men. The most frequent underlying heart condition was nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (33 patients [36.66%]). Vascular wall thickness significantly correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and transpulmonary gradient (R coefficient=0.42, 0.27 and 0.32 respectively). Noninvasive estimation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure, acceleration time, and right ventricle-pulmonary artery coupling also correlated with wall thickness (R coefficient of 0.42, 0.27 and 0.49, respectively). Patients with a wall thickness over 0.25mm had significantly higher mean pulmonary pressures (37.00 vs 25.00mmHg; P=.004) and pulmonary vascular resistance (3.44 vs 2.08 WU; P=.017). CONCLUSIONS: Direct morphological assessment of pulmonary vascular remodeling with OCT is feasible and is significantly associated with classic hemodynamic parameters. This weak association suggests that structural remodeling does not fully explain pulmonary hypertension.

"Fala-M@no-COVID-19": technological development of a health navigation program for men during the pandemic / "Fala-M@no-COVID-19": desarrollo tecnológico de un programa de navegación sanitaria para hombres en la pandemia / "Fala-M@no-COVID-19": desenvolvimento tecnológico de um programa de navegação em saúde para homens na pandemia

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a care-educational technology similar to a health navigation program for men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a methodological and qualitative study of a care-educational technology of health navigation program, structured by Program Development Cycle, with 16 patient navigators and 10 professional navigators. It used reflective thematic content analysis and an adaptation model for data processing. Results: the "Fala-M@ano-COVID-19"; navigation program was developed by: I) Observation of reality, problem mapping, needs assessment: content selection, creation of domains and questions; II) Theoretical-conceptual and methodological definition, creation of product under the elaboration of care plans, based on theory, process and taxonomies by a flowchart of operationalization of actions; and III) Self-assessment: qualitative research with professional navigators. Final considerations: the technology developed, with theoretical and methodological support, allowed to derive a viable navigation program compatible with reality based on the audience's needs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar una tecnología cuidado-educativa similar a un programa de navegación en salud para hombres durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudio metodológico y cualitativo de una tecnología asistencial-educativa como un programa de navegación en salud, estructurado por el Ciclo de Desarrollo del Programa, con 16 navegandos y 10 navegadores. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático reflexivo y un modelo de adaptación para el procesamiento de datos. Resultados: el programa de navegación "Fala-M@ano-COVID-19"; fue desarrollado por: I) Observación de la realidad, mapeo de problemas, evaluación de necesidades: selección de contenidos, creación de dominios y preguntas; II) Definición teórico-conceptual y metodológica, creación del producto bajo la elaboración de planes de cuidados, fundamentados en teoría, proceso y taxonomías mediante un diagrama de flujo de operacionalización de acciones; y III) Autoevaluación: investigación cualitativa con navegadores. Consideraciones finales: la tecnología desarrollada, con sustento teórico y metodológico, permitió derivar un programa de navegación viable compatible con la realidad a partir de las necesidades del público.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver uma tecnologia cuidativo-educacional do tipo programa de navegação em saúde para homens na pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudo metodológico e qualitativo de uma tecnologia cuidativo-educacional do tipo programa de navegação em saúde, estruturado pelo Program Development Cycle, com 16 navegandos e 10 navegadores. Usou análise de conteúdo temática reflexiva e modelo de adaptação para tratamento dos dados. Resultados: o programa de navegação "Fala-M@ano-COVID-19" foi desenvolvido por: I) Observação da realidade, mapeamento do problema, levantamento das necessidades: seleção de conteúdo, criação de domínios e perguntas; II) Definição teórico-conceitual e metodológica, criação do produto sob elaboração de planos de cuidados, pautados em teoria, processo e taxonomias por um fluxograma de operacionalização das ações; e III) Autoavaliação: pesquisa qualitativa com os navegadores. Considerações finais: a tecnologia desenvolvida, com suporte teórico e metodológico, permitiu derivar um programa de navegação viável e compatível à realidade com base nas necessidades do público.

Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Prognosis in Patients Evaluated for Heart Transplantation: Insights from the OCTOPUS-CHF Study.

OBJECTIVE: In patients with advanced heart failure, the intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) of subsegmental pulmonary artery measurements is correlated with right heart catheterization parameters. Our aim was to study the prognostic value of pulmonary OCT, right heart catheterization data, and the echocardiographic estimation of pulmonary pressure in patients studied for elective heart transplants. METHODS: This research is an observational, prospective, multicenter study involving 90 adults with a one-year follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients (11.1%) died due to worsening heart failure before heart transplantation, 50 underwent a heart transplant (55.6%), and 9 died in the first year after the transplant. The patients with and without events (mortality or heart failure-induced hospitalization) had similar data regarding echocardiography, right heart catheterization, and pulmonary OCT (with a median estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 42.0 mmHg, interquartile range (IQR) of 30.3-50.0 vs. 47.0 mmHg, IQR 34.6-59.5 and p = 0.79, median pulmonary vascular resistance of 2.2 Wood units, IQR 1.3-3.7 vs. 2.0 Wood units, IQR 1.4-3.2 and p = 0.99, and a median pulmonary artery wall thickness of 0.2 ± 0.5 mm vs. 0.2 ± 0.6 mm and p = 0.87). CONCLUSION: Pulmonary vascular remodeling (evaluated with echocardiography, right heart catheterization, and pulmonary OCT) was not associated with prognosis in a selected sample of adults evaluated for elective heart transplants. Pulmonary OCT is safe and feasible for the evaluation of these patients.

The Association of Bacterin and Recombinant Proteins Induces a Humoral Response in Sheep against Caseous Lymphadenitis.

In this study, we investigated the capacity of the recombinant proteins SpaC, NanH, SodC, and PLD of C. pseudotuberculosis to trigger protective humoral and cellular immune responses against experimentally induced C. pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep. The antigens were produced in a heterologous system and were purified by affinity chromatography. Nine sheep were randomly divided into three groups, which were immunized as follows: Group 1 (control)-a mix of adjuvants composed of the inactivated T1 strain of C. pseudotuberculosis and commercial Montanide™ISA 61 VG (T1M); Group 2-rSpaC, rSodC, rPLD, and T1M; Group 3-rNanH, rSodC, rPLD, and T1M. All groups were immunized twice (on days 0 and 30) and challenged on day 90 of the experiment. Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to quantify the IgG antibodies and interferon-gamma (IFN-y). Both vaccine formulations with recombinant proteins (groups 2 and 3) could induce a significant humoral IgG immune response in sheep. The proteins rSodC, rPLD, and rNanH were more immunogenic, inducing significant levels of IgG antibodies after the first dose of the vaccine or after the challenge, maintaining constant levels until the end of the experiment. However, it was not possible to differentiate between the cellular responses induced by the vaccines. This lack of effectiveness points toward the need for further studies to improve the efficacy of this subunit-based vaccine approach.

Internações por fraturas do fêmur em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil / Hospitalizations for femur fractures in Brazilian children and adolescents / Hospitalizaciones por fracturas de fémur en niños y adolescentes en Brasil

As fraturas do fêmur na faixa pediátrica representam uma parcela importante dos diagnósticos primários em crianças vítimas de lesões traumáticas múltiplas, contribuindo para a morbidade na faixa etária e custos ao sistema de saúde, porém, poucos estudos no país se debruçaram sobre esse agravo. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar internações por fraturas de fêmur em crianças, descrevendo sua incidência, custos e letalidade por estados do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, com base em dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH/SUS), incluindo indivíduos com idade entre 0 e 19 anos que foram internados no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Brasil entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2020 por causa de fratura de fêmur. Foram registradas por ano, em média, 11.204 internações de crianças com fratura de fêmur no SUS. A média anual de óbitos foi de 35,2, revelando letalidade de 0,32%. A região Sul apresentou a maior incidência relativa: 23,06 internações a cada cem mil crianças; e maior taxa de letalidade: 0,42%. A faixa etária com maior incidência relativa foi de 15 aos 19 anos, tendo 31,03 internações a cada cem mil (RP = 3,34), seguida pela de 1 aos 4 anos: 15,19 a cada cem mil (RP = 1,63). Há predomínio de incidência em meninos em relação às meninas em todas as faixas etárias (RP = 2,77). O custo médio anual para o Sistema Único de Saúde foi de R$ 17.432.079,69. As fraturas do fêmur em crianças apresentaram incidência de 18 casos para cada cem mil indivíduos na faixa pediátrica, próxima à registrada em outros países. Porém, a letalidade encontrada foi mais baixa do que em outros estudos.

Femur fractures in children and adolescents represent an important portion of the primary diagnoses in children victims of multiple traumatic injuries, contributing to morbidity in this age group and costs to the health system; however, few studies in Brazil have focused on this issue. Hence, this study sought to characterize hospitalizations for femur fractures in children, describing their incidence, costs and lethality per Brazilian state. An ecological study was conducted with data collected from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), including individuals aged between 0 and 19 years who were admitted to the Unified Health System (SUS) between January 2009 and December 2020, due to femur fracture. An average of 11,204 hospitalizations of children with femur fracture were registered per year in the SUS. Annual average of deaths was 35.2, with a lethality rate of 0.32%. Southern Brazil showed the highest relative incidence: 23.06 hospitalizations per 100,000 children. Adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years presented the highest relative incidence: 31.03 hospitalization per 100,000 (PR = 3.34), followed by children aged 1 to 4 years: 15.19 per 100,000 (PR = 1.63). Results show a predominance of incidence in boys compared with girls in all age groups (PR = 2.77). Mean annual cost to the National Health System was $ 3,328,002 dollars. Femur fractures in children had an incidence of 18 cases per 100,000 individuals in this age group, close to that recorded in other countries. However, the lethality found was lower than in other studies.

Las fracturas de fémur en la edad pediátrica representan una porción importante de los diagnósticos primarios en niños víctimas de traumatismos múltiples, lo que contribuye a la morbilidad en la edad pediátrica y a los costos para el sistema de salud; sin embargo, pocos estudios en el país se han centrado en este problema. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las hospitalizaciones por fracturas de fémur en niños, con la descripción de su incidencia, costos y letalidad según los estados de Brasil. Este es un estudio ecológico, realizado a partir de los datos del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria (SIH/SUS), sobre el grupo de población con edades entre 0 y 19 años, hospitalizados en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) por fractura del fémur en Brasil en el período entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2020. En el período estudiado, se ha registrado en promedio 11.204 hospitalizaciones de niños por fractura de fémur en el SUS. Hubo un promedio anual de muertes de 35,2, con letalidad del 0,32%. La región Sur tuvo la mayor incidencia relativa: 23,06 hospitalizaciones por cada 100.000 niños, y la mayor tasa de letalidad: 0,42%. El grupo de edad entre 15 y 19 años tuvo mayor incidencia relativa, con 31,03 hospitalizaciones por 100 mil (RP = 3,34), seguido de 1 a 4 años: 15,19 por 100 mil (RP = 1,63). Hubo un predominio de incidencia en los niños sobre las niñas en todos los grupos de edad (RP = 2,77). El costo promedio anual para el Sistema Único de Salud en hospitalizaciones por esa patología fue de R$ 17.432.079,69. Las fracturas de fémur en niños tuvieron una incidencia de 18 casos por 100.000 individuos en el grupo de edad pediátrica, similar a lo encontrado en otros países. Sin embargo, la letalidad encontrada fue menor que la de otros estudios.

Assessment of rSodC, rPknG, rNanH, and rSpaC as Antigens for Diagnostic Tools Against Caseous Lymphadenitis.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a bacillus that causes caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants, leading to great losses to rural producers; thus, an efficient diagnosis is necessary for using disease control measures. This study aimed to evaluate the antigenic potential of four C. pseudotuberculosis recombinant proteins (rSodC, rPknG, rNanH, and rSpaC) against sera of goat and sheep experimentally infected with one of three different C. pseudotuberculosis strains. Goats were infected with CAP76 or CAP21 strain (n = 10), sheep with VD57 strain (n = 6), and a group of not-infected animals (goats and sheep) were kept as a healthy control (healthy n = 12). Sera were collected at 0, 14, 60, 90, 180, or 190 days after inoculation for antigenicity testing using Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Cross-reactivity tests with recombinant proteins were performed in goat serum experimentally vaccinated with Nocardia sp. or Rhodococcus equi bacterin. The rSodC protein showed discriminatory antigenic reactivity with a statistically significant difference against three different C. pseudotuberculosis strains evaluated in goats and sheep samples, while rPknG showed statistical significance only against two C. pseudotuberculosis strains evaluated in goats. rSodC was proved to be a strong candidate as a tool for diagnosis of C. pseudotuberculosis infection, once it was able to recognize antibodies against all strains evaluated in goats and sheep.

Lesões por pressão e os desafios frente à pandemia de COVID-19 / Pressure injuries and the challenges against the COVID-19 pandemic / Las lesiones por presión y los retos ante la pandemia del COVID-19

Objetivo: Analisar na literatura científica as evidências sobre lesão por pressão em pacientes adultos internados com COVID-19. Método:Revisão integrativa de artigos nas bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura latino-americana e do caribe de informações em ciências da saúde, base de dados de Enfermagem, Biblioteca virtual em saúde e cumulative index to nursing and Allied Health Literature, nos idiomasportuguês, inglês e espanhol. Resultados:Identificou-se 76 artigos, 13 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Agrupou-se os artigos em lesão por pressão em posição prona, lesão por pressão relacionado a dispositivo médico e lesão por pressão em região glútea/sacral. As recomendações para lesão por pressão prona foram: avaliação frequente das principais áreas submetidas a pressão; manutenção da pele limpa e hidratada, descarga de pressão facial, mudanças de decúbito com rodiziamento dos membros e uso de coberturas protetivas. Os achados de lesão por pressão sacral e glútea evidenciam uma relação entre as alterações trombogênicas e a ocorrência de lesão por pressão, identificadas geralmente região sacral/glútea e demonstraram aspectos isquêmicos. ConsideraçõesFinais:Acredita-se que asrecomendações aqui delineadas possam contribuir para a melhora da assistência aos pacientes com COVID-19 em risco de desenvolvimento de lesão por pressão.

Objective: To analyze the evidence in the scientific literature about pressure injuries in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Method:Integrative review of articles published in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Latin American and Caribbean literature of information on health sciences, Nursing database, Virtual health library and cumulative index to nursing and Allied Health Literature, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results:76 articles were identified, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. The articles were grouped into pressure injury in the prone position, pressure injury related to medical device and pressure injury in the gluteal/sacral region. The recommendations for prone pressure injuries were: frequent assessment of the main areas subjected to pressure; maintenance of clean and hydrated skin, facial pressure relief, decubitus changes with limb rotation and use of protective coverings. The findings of sacral and gluteal pressure injury show a relationship between thrombogenic alterations and the occurrence of pressure injury in these patients, usually identified in the sacral/gluteal region and showing ischemic aspects. FinalConsiderations:It is believed that the synthesis of evidence and recommendations outlined here can contribute to the improvement of care for patients with COVID-19 at risk of developing pressure injury.

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia en la literatura científica sobre lesiones por presión en pacientes adultos hospitalizados con COVID-19. Método:Revisión integrativa de artículos en el Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Latin American and Caribbean literature of information on health sciences, Nursing database, Virtual health library and cumulative index to nursing and Allied Health Literature, en portugués, inglés y español. Resultados: Se identificaron 76 artículos, 13 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los artículos se agruparon en lesiones por presión en decúbito prono, lesiones por presión relacionadas con dispositivos médicos y lesiones por presión en la región glútea / sacra. Las recomendaciones para las lesiones por presión en decúbito prono fueron: evaluación frecuente de las principales áreas sometidas a presión; mantenimiento de la piel limpia e hidratada, alivio de la presión facial, cambios de decúbito con rotación de extremidades y uso de cubiertas protectoras. Los hallazgos de lesión por presión sacra y glútea muestran una relación entre las alteraciones trombogénicas y la ocurrencia de lesión por presión en estos pacientes, generalmente identificados en la región sacra / glútea y que muestran aspectos isquémicos. ConsideracionesFinales: Lasrecomendaciones descritas aquí pueden contribuir a mejorarla atención de los pacientes con COVID-19 en riesgo de desarrollar lesiones por presión.

Using NdSr isotopes in suspended sediments in the Abrolhos coral-reef (SW Atlantic, Brazil) to assess potential contamination from the 2015 Fundão dam collapse.

The Abrolhos bank is home of the richest coral reef system of the Southwestern Atlantic, where endemic coral species are found. It has been reported that Abrolhos' corals are under intense stress due to increasing of Marine Heat Waves during the last decades. Additionally, anthropic interventions along the adjacent coastal regions are a factor of concern since they contribute to the increase in the sediment load and to organic debris input in the reef domain. In November 2015, the collapse of the Fundão mining tailings dam resulted in the release of approximately 50 million m3 of iron oxide and quartz-rich slurry into the Doce River. Aiming at using a fingerprint of the tailings and to assess the presence of traces of the Fundão dam material from this event on the Abrolhos bank, this work presents new 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios of marine suspended sediment samples collected between 2016 and 2020 from a network of sediment traps throughout the reef and complementary suspended material at sea. In parallel, we monitored meteo-oceanographic parameters and modeled surface marine currents as an attempt to identify the sediment transport between the Doce River mouth and Abrolhos bank. The r isotopes were used as provenance proxies based on the fact that minerals and rocks tend to have specific isotopic signatures reflecting their own geological derivation. In this context, the isotopic ratios of various potential regional sources for the sedimentation in Abrolhos bank were evaluated. Our monitoring and isotopic measurements indicate that Doce River signatures are detected at Abrolhos bank, following the seasonal Doce River discharge at sea. Isotopic signature of Doce River at Abrolhos bank was also observed during the austral winter (July-August) when cold fronts migrate at the Brazilian coast with higher frequency and energy.

Utilização do cloreto de dialquil carbamoil na prevenção e tratamento de biofilme em feridas / Uso de cloruro de dialquil carbamoil en la prevención y tratamiento de biofilm en heridas / Use of dialkyl carbamoyl chloride in the prevention and treatment of biofilm in wounds

Objetivos:Objetivou-se identificar os benefícios na utilização do Cloreto de Dialquil Carbamoil para tratamento de biofilmes em feridas. Métodos:Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura que visou responder à questão norteadora: "Quais os benefícios do uso de Cloreto de Dialquil Carbamoil na cicatrização de lesões de pele?". As etapas de seleção dos artigos resultaram em 13 artigos inclusos. Resultados: Os artigos selecionados foram agrupados em dois grupos, a saber: prevenção e tratamento de infecção em feridas e prevenção de infecção de sítio cirúrgico, sendo nove produções no primeiro grupo e quatro no segundo. Os estudos demonstraram que o Cloreto de Dialquil Carbamoil atenua os sintomas de colonização, como odor, queixas álgicas e exsudação, além disso, auxilia no gerenciamento profilático do biofilme da ferida. As evidências apontam que coberturas com Cloreto de Dialquil Carbamoil não possuem efeitos adversos, tornando-se opções viáveis e seguras para lesões crônicas, agudas e, principalmente, infectadas. Conclusão: Identificou-se que o Cloreto de Dialquil Carbamoil foi capaz de promover ações benéficas ao tratamento de feridas, especialmente as de maior complexidade. A escolha adequada das coberturas e dos curativos pode contribuir com a utilização racional das tecnologias existentes e dos antimicrobianos, culminando em redução de custos e promoção de qualidade de vida aos indivíduos com feridas crônicas.

Objectives:The aim was to identify the benefits of using Dialkyl Carbamoyl Chloride for the treatment of biofilms in wounds. Methods: This is an integrative literature review that aimed to answer the guiding question: "What are the benefits of using Dialkyl Carbamoyl Chloride in the healing of skin lesions?". The article selection stages resulted in 13 articles included. Results:The selected articles were grouped into two groups, namely: prevention and treatment of infection in wounds and prevention of surgical site infection, with nine productions in the first group and four in the second. Studies have shown that Dialkyl Carbamoyl Chloride attenuates colonization symptoms, such as odor, pain complaints and oozing, in addition to aiding in the prophylactic management of wound biofilm. Evidence indicates that dressings with Dialkyl Carbamoyl Chloride have no adverse effects, making them viable and safe options for chronic, acute and, mainly, infected injuries. Conclusion: It was identified that Dialkyl Carbamoyl Chloride was able to promote beneficial actions in the treatment of wounds, especially those of greater complexity. The proper choice of dressings and coverings can contribute to the rational use of existing technologies and antimicrobials, culminating in cost reduction and promotion of quality of life for individuals with chronic wounds.

Objetivos:El objetivo fue identificar los beneficios del uso de Cloruro de dialquil carbamoil para tratar biopelículas en heridas. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, cuyo objetivo es responder a la siguiente pregunta orientadora: "¿Cuáles son los beneficios del uso de Cloruro de dialquil carbamoil en la cura de lesiones cutáneas?". Los pasos para seleccionar los artículos dieron como resultado 13 artículos incluidos. Resultados: Los artículos seleccionados se agruparon en dos grupos, a saber: Prevención y tratamiento de la infección en heridas y Prevención de la infección del sitio quirúrgico, con 9 producciones en el primer grupo y 4 en el segundo. Los estudios demostraron que Cloruro de dialquil carbamoil atenúa los síntomas de la colonización, como el olor, el dolor y la exudación, además, ayuda en el manejo profiláctico de la biopelícula de la herida. La evidencia apunta a que la cobertura Cloruro de dialquil carbamoil no tiene efectos adversos, lo que la convierte en opciones viables y seguras para lesiones crónicas, agudas y principalmente infectadas. Conclusión: Se identificó que la Cloruro de dialquil carbamoil fue capaz de promover acciones beneficiosas para el tratamiento de heridas, especialmente las de mayor complejidad. La elección adecuada de cubiertas y apósitos puede contribuir al uso racional de las tecnologías y los antimicrobianos existentes, culminando en la reducción de costos y la promoción de la calidad de vida de las personas con heridas crónicas

Balloon-expanding transcatheter aortic valve implantation for degenerated Mitroflow bioprostheses: clinical and echocardiographic long-term outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyse the risks associated with valve-in-valve procedures for treating structural valve deterioration in Mitroflow bioprostheses, as well as to determine the impact of the original Mitroflow size on the patients' long-term outcomes. METHODS: Between January 2012 and September 2019, 21 patients (61.9% males; mean age 82.4 ± 5.4 years) were treated for Mitroflow deterioration with valve-in-valve procedures (12 transapical and 9 transfemoral). RESULTS: Mean EuroSCORE I and EuroSCORE II were 28.2% ± 13.6% and 10.5% ± 6.1%, respectively. Six patients presented an indexed aortic root diameter <14 mm/m2 and 7 patients a diameter of sinus of Valsalva <30 mm. Implanted transcatheter valve sizes were 20 mm in 6 cases, 23 mm in 14 cases and 26 mm in 1 patient. A Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 complication occurred in 23.8% of cases, including 3 coronary occlusions. In-hospital mortality was 9.5%. The 20 mm transcatheter valves presented significantly higher postoperative peak and mean aortic gradients than other sizes (54.1 ± 11.3 mmHg vs 29.9 ± 9.6 mmHg, P = 0.003; and 29.3 ± 7.7 mmHg vs 17.4 ± 5.9 mmHg, P = 0.015, respectively). There were 12 cases of patient-prosthesis mismatch (57.1%) and 3 cases (14.3%) of severe patient-prosthesis mismatch. Cumulative survival was 85.7% ± 7.6% at 1 year, 74.3% ± 10% at 2 years and 37.1% ± 14.1% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Valve-in-valve procedures with balloon-expandable transcatheter valves associate a high risk of coronary occlusion in patients with indexed aortic root diameter <14 mm/m2 and low coronary ostia <12 mm. Valve-in valve procedures with 20 mm balloon-expandable transcatheter valves in ≤21 mm Mitroflow bioprosthesis leave significant residual transvalvular gradients that might obscure patients' long-term outcomes.

Economic evaluation of complete revascularization versus stress echocardiography-guided revascularization in the STEACS with multivessel disease.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Economic studies may help decision making in the management of multivessel disease in the setting of myocardial infarction. We sought to perform an economic evaluation of CROSS-AMI (Complete Revascularization or Stress Echocardiography in Patients With Multivessel Disease and ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction) randomized clinical trial. METHODS: We performed a cost minimization analysis for the strategies (complete angiographic revascularization [ComR] and selective stress echocardiography-guided revascularization [SelR]) compared in the CROSS-AMI clinical trial (N=306), attributable the initial hospitalization and readmissions during the first year of follow-up, using current rates for health services provided by our health system. RESULTS: The index hospitalization costs were higher in the ComR group than in SelR arm (19 657.9±6236.8 € vs 14 038.7±4958.5 €; P <.001). There were no differences in the costs of the first year of follow-up rehospitalizations between both groups for (ComR 2423.5±4568.0 vs SelR 2653.9±5709.1; P=.697). Total cost was 22 081.3±7505.6 for the ComR arm and 16 692.6±7669.9 for the SelR group (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the CROSS-AMI trial, the initial extra economic costs of the ComR versus SelR were not offset by significant savings during follow-up. SelR seems to be more efficient than ComR in patients with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome and multivessel disease treated by emergent angioplasty. Study registred at ClinicalTrial.gov (Identifier: NCT01179126).